Nutrición Hospitalaria 00130 / http://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.130
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Efectos de un dispositivo de restricción ventilatoria nasal sobre la ventilación pulmonar e intercambio gaseoso durante el ejercicio en personas sanas


José Luis González-montesinos, Jesús Gustavo Ponce-gonzález, Davinia Vicente-campos, José López-chicharro, Jorge Del Rosario Fernández-santos, Carmen Vaz-pardal, José Luis Costa-sepúlveda, Julio Conde-caveda, José Castro-piñero

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Introducción y objetivos: un dispositivo llamado FeelBreathe ® (FB) se ha diseñado, desarrollado y patentado para el entrenamiento de la musculatura inspiratoria (IMT). Para examinar los efectos de FB en la ventilación pulmonar y el intercambio gaseoso durante el ejercicio, se tomaron medidas de 27 voluntarios varones sanos entrenados (edad: 32,5 ± 7,2 años). Métodos: al inicio del estudio se midieron tanto la presión inspiratoria máxima estática (PIM) y la capacidad pulmonar mediante espirometría. Seguidamente, se realizó un test incremental en cicloergómetro para determinar el VO 2 pico. Cada sujeto, tres días más tarde, realizó aleatoriamente tres pruebas idénticas submáximas en cicloergómetro a una intensidad comprendida al 50% entre los umbrales ventilatorios bajo tres condiciones de respiración diferentes: a) respiración oronasal (ONB), b) respiración nasal (NB) y c) la respiración nasal a través del FB. Resultados: la prueba con FB mostró una ventilación minuto (VE) y una frecuencia respiratoria (BF) inferior que en las pruebas de NB, la cual a su vez tenía menor BF, pero similar VE que ONB (p < 0,001). A pesar de esto, FB obtuvo valores similares de VO 2 , cociente respiratorio (RER), frecuencia cardiaca (HR) y saturación de oxígeno capilar periférica (SpO2) en comparación con NB y ONB. Esto último puede ocurrir debido en parte al aumento del volumen tidal (VT) y el tiempo de expiración (Tex) en FB hasta el mismo nivel que en la prueba de NB, los cuales fueron un 15% y 14% en ambas pruebas, respectivamente, superiores a ONB (p < 0,001). El porcentaje de tiempo de inspiración (Ti/Tot) fue 7% mayor en la prueba de FB en comparación con NB y ONB (p < 0,001). Solamente en la prueba de FB se encontró un aumento de la presión final de la espiración de CO 2 (P ET CO 2 ) y la reducción de la presión final de la espiración de O 2 (P ET O 2 ) y la fracción de expiración de O 2 (FEO 2 ). Conclusiones: FeelBreathe es un nuevo dispositivo de restricción nasal que estimula los músculos inspiratorios para producir un patrón de respiración más eficiente durante el ejercicio en los seres humanos bien entrenados.

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Gonzalez-Montesinos, Jose L., Fernandez-Santos, Jorge R., Vaz-Pardal, Carmen, Aragon-Martin, Ruben, Arnedillo-Muñoz, Aurelio, Reina-Novo, Jose, Orantes-Gonzalez, Eva, Heredia-Jimenez, Jose, Ponce-Gonzalez, Jesus G. (2021) Chronic Effects of a Training Program Using a Nasal Inspiratory Restriction Device on Elite Cyclists. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Arnedillo, Aurelio, Gonzalez-Montesinos, Jose L., Fernandez-Santos, Jorge R., Vaz-Pardal, Carmen, España-Domínguez, Carolina, Ponce-González, Jesús G., Cuenca-García, Magdalena (2020) Effects of a Rehabilitation Programme with a Nasal Inspiratory Restriction Device on Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in COPD. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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