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Introduction: The female athlete triad (FAT) is a serious health-related problem that threatens women who exercise. This condition is an interrelated multifactorial syndrome which includes low energy availability, menstrual cycle disturbances and decreased bone mineral density. Objective: To review the major components of the FAT and their relationships, as well as strategies for diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Articles related to the topic were reviewed through PubMed and SportDiscus databases. Results: Interrelationship between components of the FAT may result in clinical manifestations, including eating disorders, amenorrhea and osteoporosis. Clinical conditions are not always exhibited simultaneously. Prevention is important to minimize complications. Diagnosis and treatment is complicated and often must involve an interdisciplinary therapeutic approach. Conclusions: Understanding of the disease may be facilitated by a unified framework focusing on energy deficiency. Preventive or early interventions require to increase energy availability through a higher total energy intake or a decrease in energy expenditure trough excessive physical exercise. A healthy lifestyle, and support by parents and coaches should be included. Psychotherapy may be necessary when eating disorders are present.
Palabras Clave: Female ahtletic. Energy availability. Eating disorders. Menstrual disturbances. Osteoporosis.
Emilio Martínez De Victoria
Jesús García Mayor , Antonio Moreno Llamas , Ernesto de la Cruz Sánchez
Özlem Özpak Akkuş , Betül Gülşen
Rosa M. Ortega , Ana Isabel Jiménez-Ortega , Rosa María Martínez García , Esther Cuadrado Soto , Aránzazu Aparicio , Ana M. López-Sobaler
Laura Soriano Romaní , Juan Antonio Nieto Fuentes , Lidia Tomás Cobos , Elena Diez Sánchez
Victoria Arija Val , Josefa Canals
Diana Montiel-Ojeda , Sonia Cerdas , Patricia Clark , Mónica Caló , Sofía Wullich , Ramiro Da Silva Llibre , Joan Levin Ford
Alejandro Sanz Paris , Ana Artero , Rosa Burgos Peláez , José Manuel García Almeida , Pilar Matía Martín , Samara Palma Milla , Ana Zugasti Murillo , José Joaquín Alfaro-Martínez , Alfonso Calañas Continente , M.ª Jesús Chinchetru , Katherine García Malpartida , Ángela González-Díaz Faes , Víctor González-Sánchez , María Laínez López , Antonio Jesús Martínez Ortega , Juana Oliva Roldán , José Pablo Suárez Llanos , Clara Serrano-Moreno
Esma Asil , Mustafa Volkan Yılmaz , Feride Ayyıldız , Tuba Yalçın
Cristian Antony Ramos-Vera , Yaquelin E. Calizaya-Milla , Jacksaint Saintila
Mónica Zúñiga González , Ángel Roco-Videla
Pilar Calmarza , Alejandro Sanz Paris , Clara Berrozpe-Villabona , Alba Gallego Royo , Juan Antonio Domingo Morera , Manuel David Viñuales Aranda
Marcela Farias , Dominique Manieu , Erika Baeza , Camila Monsalves , Natalie Vera , Pablo Vergara Barra , Marcell Leonario-Rodríguez
Murat Urhan , Cengiz Cengisiz , Melek Türk , Ceren Akanalçı
Liliana Guadalupe González-Rodríguez , Isabel Borrás Olivares , Yalda Ghazi , María Carmen Lozano Estevan , Rosa M. Ortega
Gabriel José Ayala Carrascal , María Paula Blanco Bustos , Laura Valentina López Rodríguez , Andrés Sebastián Villa Garzón , Jonathan Alexander Cortés Vásquez , Ismena Mockus
Ying Li , Yuhan Wang , Lianying Guo , Ye Yu , Mengqi Jiang , Lili Deng , Qingyi Zhou , Lu Sun , Xu Feng , Zhuo Zhang
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